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FUNCTIONS

BUS  TOPOLOGY

vIt is a multipoint topology.

vOne long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.

STAR  TOPOLOGY

vEach device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller.

vIt does not allow direct traffic between devices.

ring  TOPOLOGY

vEach device has a directed point-to-point line configuration.

vMessage will  be passed to each device until it reach the destination.

mesh  TOPOLOGY

vA mesh topology provides redundant communication paths between some or all devices.

vTwo categories of Mesh Topology :

Ø Full Mesh Topology :Normally use went we found a compelling reason to inner connect multiple location for direct connectivity to every other location.

Ø Partial Mesh Topology : At least one device maintain multiple connection to the other devices, however other connection do not have to be maintain directly to every other devices.

tree  TOPOLOGY

vA tree topology integrates the star & bus topologies in a hybrid approach to improve network  scalability.

hybrid  TOPOLOGY

vThe combination of two or more topologies.

PROS & CONS

TOPOLOGY		PROS	CONS
Bus		Use of cable is economical.	Network can slow down in heavy traffic.
		Media is inexpensive  & easy to work with.	Entire network  shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
		System is simple & reliable.	Problem are difficult  to  isolate.
		Bus is easy to extends.	Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.
Star		Failure of one computer does  not  affect the rest of the network.	If the centralized point fails, the network  fails.
		Modifying  system and adding  new computers is easy.	Costs are usually higher than with bus or ring networks.
		Centralized  monitoring  & management are possible.
Ring	System provides equal access for all computers.		Failure of one computer can impact the rest of the network.
	Performance is even despite many user.		Problem are hard to isolate.
			Unmanageable in a large network.
Mesh	System provides increased redundancy & reliability as well as ease of troubleshooting.		System is expensive to install because it uses a lot of cabling.
Tree	Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.		Overall length of each segments is limited by the type  of cabling used.
	Supported by several hardware & software venders.		If the backbone line breaks, the entire segments goes down.
			More difficult to configure & wire than other topologies.

CHARACTERISTIC

TOPOLOGY	CABLE	SPEED	PROTOCOL
Bus, Star, Tree	Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Fiber	10 Mbps	Ethernet
Star	Twisted Pair, Fiber	100 Mbps	Fast Ethernet
Linear or Star	Twisted Pair	23 Mbps	LocalTalk
Star-Wired Ring	Twisted Pair	4 Mbps - 16 Mbps	Token Ring
Dual ring	Fiber	100 Mbps	FDDI
Bus, Star, Tree	Twisted Pair, Fiber	155 - 2488 Mbps	ATM

INTRODUCTION

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

Two Categories of Network Topology :

Physical :- Topology map recorded each host is located, wiring is installed and the locations of the networking devices that connect the hosts.

Logical :- Host names, addresses, group information & applications can be recorded on the logical pathway a signal follows as it passes among the network nodes.

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